Mar 24, 2014 congress grass, parthenium hysterophorus l. Detoxification of parthenium parthenium hysterophorus. They are sometimes also spread in mud and contaminated agricultural produce e. Parthenium department of agriculture and fisheries. Despite this, in 2003, south africa became the first african country and only the third country. Parthenium hysterophorus, p20, bioinformatics, malditof, proteomics. Parthenium is a serious problem in several tropical and subtropical areas around the world and particularly an emerging problem in southern africa. Parthenium hysterophorus is an annual herb that aggressively colonises disturbed sites. It is a common invasive species in india, australia.
Parthenium hysterophorus is a serious invasive weed of pasture systems, reducing pasture productivity 90% evans 1997. Parthenium hysterophorus is an aggressive and noxious weed native to tropical central and south america. The comparison of two applied methods shows that soxhlet extraction is an efficient method by which solute of limited solubility can be extracted with higher efficiencies. Effects and management of parthenium hysterophorus. Distribution and spread of parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus l. Its leaves are pale green, deeply lobed and covered with fine soft hairs. Parthenium hysterophorus santa maria feverfew this plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.
Leafeatingbettle, stemgallinginsect, stemgallinginsect mexico australia australia rumexspp. This weed is considered to be a cause of allergic respiratory problems, contact dermatitis, mutagenicity in human and livestock. Naqamte plant health clinic center, department of entomology. Infestation in western oromiya, ethiopia tarekegn fite 1, hirpa legesse2 and alembrihan marga 1department of entomology, ethiopia 2department of plant science, ethiopia submission. Asteraceae parthenium, has been a major weed of global significance for several decades, with wideranging impacts on agriculture, biodiversity conservation, and human and animal health. Parthenium hysterophorus is an invasive weed species in east africa that causes damage to crop lands, grazing, biodiversity, humans, animals, meat, and milk. The present study utilizes comparative physiological and proteomic approaches for. The sesquiterpene lactone parthenin receives most attention regarding allelopathy of the plant or potential herbicidal properties. Parthenium hysterophorus plant causes milk disease in. Parthenium pdf parthenium weed is a weed of national. Wilson parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus flowering seed. An annual exotic alien weed, currently considered one of the seven most dreaded weeds of the world.
Parthenium weed is a weed of national significance. Plant has been used as folk remedy for the treatment of infectious and degenerative diseases 1719. Congress grass here after referred as belongpartheniums to the family aste raceae. Parthenium or gajar ghans is the most common invasive species in india. Extraction of parthenin from parthenium hysterophorus. Extracts of the root and stem had much less effect. High competitive success rate and adaptability of the species enable it to dominate diverse types of habitats. Hosted by the usgs core science analytics and synthesis.
Itis taxonomy is based on the latest scientific consensus available, and is provided as a general reference source for interested parties. Within the eppo region, the species is at present officially recorded as established only in israel. Asteraceae is an invasive weed thought to be native to. Fungal latent pathogens and endophytes from leaves of. Common names include santamaria, santa maria feverfew, whitetop weed, and famine weed.
Distribution and spread of parthenium weed parthenium. Parthenium hysterophorus, enlisted in global invasive species database, is a highly prolific and pernicious weed, which originated in northeast of mexico by natural hybridization between parthenium confertum and parthenium bipinnatifidum. Parthenium hysterophorus the asiapacific forest invasive species network apfisn has been established as a response to the immense costs and dangers posed by invasive species to the sustainable management of forests in the asiapacific region. Manual uprooting of parthenium has proven to be effective in reducing the. Native to mexico, central and south america, parthenium hysterophorus was accidentally introduced into several countries including australia, india, taiwan and ethiopia. The use of parthenium phyllody mlo as a biocontrol agent requires. Medicinal uses of carrot grass parthenium hysterophorus. Plants profile for parthenium hysterophorus santa maria. Aster aceae, commonly known as parthenium, is a weed of global signi. Purification and identification of 20kda protein from. Stimulation versus inhibitionbioactivity of parthenin, a. Page designed through the cooperative efforts of interagency itis teams.
Cuba y otres antilles, segun suramerica dende venezuela hasta arxentina y uruguai. Effect of parthenium hysterophorus ash on growth and biomass. Parthenium hysterophorus asteraceae 1tauseef anwar, 1shahida khalid, 2maimona saeed, 2roomina mazhar, 2huma qureshi and 3madiha rashid 1laboratory of weed management, department of plant and. It is regarded as one of the worst weeds in australia because of its invasiveness, potential for spread, and economic and environmental impacts. Utility potential of parthenium hysterophorus for its. Parthenium hysterophorus invasion causes changes in aboveground vegetation and belowground soil nutrient contents, disturbing the entire grassland ecosystem in nepal as reported by timsina et al. Study on antibacterial activity of parthenium hysterophorus l. Apr 27, 2011 parthenium hysterophorus is a noxious weed in america, asia, africa and australia. Introduction bioinformatics is a useful tool in studying gene characterisation and function using information technology and covers a wide range of applications including sequence analysis, genome annotation, gene. Allelopathic potential of the weed, parthenium hysterophorus l. Ragweed parthenium parthenium hysterophorus is an herbaceous plant of tropical and subtropical environments in the asteraceae family native to central and south america. In india, it is locally known as carrot grass, congress grass or gajar ghans. Media in category parthenium hysterophorus the following 47 files are in this category, out of 47 total. Pest risk analysis for parthenium hysterophorus eppo global.
Pdf parthenium hysterophorus is an annual herbaceous plant native to the tropical americas, which is now a major crop and pasture weed in australia as. Identification, impacts, and control of ragweed parthenium. Parthenium weed is a restricted invasive plant under the biosecurity act 2014 it must not be given away, sold, or released into the environment without a permit. The chapter summarises current knowledge about the taxonomy, biology, distribution, ecology, impacts and biological control of the weed worldwide. The present study utilizes comparative physiological and proteomic. Dates of introduction australia 1950s in contaminated grass seed department of natural resources, mines and energy 2003. Buried seeds have been found to last much longer than seed on the soil surface, and a significant proportion can still germinate after eight to ten years. Fungal pathogens of the weed hold promise for classical as well as microherbicidal control. Also aggressive dominance of this weed threatens biodiversity. Its adaptability to a wide range of habitats, droughttolerance, ability to release toxic chemicals against other plants allelopathy, rapid growthrate, and prolific. The plant list includes 44 scientific plant names of species rank for the genus parthenium. Asteraceae is a herbaceous annual of asteraceae family. Parthenium hysterophorus is a noxious weed in america, asia, africa and australia.
Parthenium hysterophorus asteraceae is an annual plant or shortlived perennial. Parthenium hysterophorus is an annual herb that aggressively colonizes disturbed sites. Various weed control strategies are being used globally to reduce its population to manageable levels. Harmful and beneficial aspects of parthenium hysterophorus. While every effort has been made to provide the most reliable and uptodate information available, ultimate legal requirements with respect to species are contained in. It is regarded as one of the worst weeds in australia because of its invasiveness, potential. Details on the biology, distribution and economic importance of parthenium hysterophorus can be found in eppo parthenium hysterophorus asteraceae is an annual or short. Pdf effects and management of parthenium hysterophorus. The act requires everyone to take all reasonable and practical steps to minimise the risks associated with invasive plants and animals under their control. Mature stems are greenish and longitudinally grooved, covered in small stiff hairs and become much branched at maturity. Endophytic fungi were isolated from leaves of the weed parthenium hysterophorus in order to establish whether the endophytes were the same fungi as had previously been recorded on scenescent or diseased leaf tissues. Status of biological control of parthenium hysterophorus l. The annual herbaceous plant, parthenium hysterophorus l.
Local name of parthenium hysterophorus is carrot grass, congress grass, gajar ghas etc. Effect of parthenium hysterophorus ash on growth and. It is considered as one of the 100 most invasive species in the world by the iucn generate a print friendly version containing only the sections you need. Parthenium hysterophorus is an aggressive ubiquitous annual herbaceous weed with no economic importance unravelled till now. Seemingly, the extraction of parthenin from parthenium hysterophorus is a very complicated process. Flowers are small and whitish with tiny ray florets at each of the five distinct corners. Drought and salinity induced changes in ecophysiology and. Parthenium is a genus of north american shrubs in the sunflower tribe within the daisy family the name parthenium is derived from either the greek word parthenos, meaning virgin, or parthenion, an ancient name for a plant parthenium or gajar ghans is the most common invasive species in india. The plant list includes a further 12 scientific plant names of infraspecific rank for the genus parthenium. Parthenium hysterophorus is an annual herb that aggressively colonizes. Pankaj oudhia society for parthenium management sopam 28a, geeta nagar, raipur 492001 india pankajoudhia. Replicated plant growth trials were conducted using four levels of parthenium vermicompost 0, 2. It is a weed of national significance in australia. The name parthenium is derived from either the greek word parthenos, meaning virgin, or parthenion, an ancient name for a plant.
Parthenium hysterophorus is a species of flowering plant in the aster family, asteraceae. Parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus weeds of national. The result of the survey revealed that a total of 34 out of 55 districts were at high risk of parthenium infestation and 0. It has now distributed in several tropical and subtropical parts of the world 1. Weed management guide parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus. However, it is not a legal authority for statutory or regulatory purposes. A probable source of anticancer, antioxidant and antihiv agents article pdf available in biomed research international 203. Biological control of parthenium hysterophorus, an. Parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus reproduces by large numbers of seed. View parthenium hysterophorus research papers on academia. The full text of this article hosted at is unavailable due to technical difficulties. These seeds are dispersed by wind, water, animals, vehicles, machinery particularly on harvesters and bulldozers and in clothing. Asteraceae in south africa initiation of biological. Uromycesrumicis gastrophysaviridula plantpathogen beetle usa usa tribulusterrestris.
Solution biocontrol agents such as zygogramma bicolorata will feed on the weed and reduce its effects on the crop lands, grazing, livestock, and it will reduce health risks to humans. The aim of the study was to find the effect of parthenium hysterophorus ash on germination, plumule. Parthenium hysterophorus plant causes milk disease in livestock and also responsible for. Pm 920 1 parthenium hysterophorus wiley online library. Parthenium hysterophorus, one of the worlds most dangerous weeds, is responsible for huge losses to the biodiversity, agriculture, economy, and health of livestock and human beings. This species is distributed from florida to michigan and from massachusetts to texas, but it is more common in. Biology and control of ragweed parthenium in noncropland 3 references adkins, s. Parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus weed management guide pdf 194 kb. Sl5 7ta, uk abstract the neotropical composite, parthenium hysterophorus, has achieved major weed status in india and australia within the past few decades. Parthenium hysterophorus, a native plant of tropical and subtropical south and north america, has spread to east africa, where it is invasive and threatens food security, biodiversity, and human and animal health.
Open access science international issn 23051884 doi. It is suspected to have sneaked into india along with wheat imported from the usa under pl480 scheme some time in early fifties. Parthenium was introduced into asia, africa and oceania with cereal and grass seed shipment from america during the 1950s 3. Crop production is drastically reduced owing to its allelopathy. Mar 31, 2020 description of carrot grass parthenium hysterophorus gajar ghas. Parthenium weed parthenium hysterophorus weed management guide pdf 194 kbabout the guide. There are less data available on the abundance of parthe nium hysterophorus in meerut district due to less research, but there are plenty of parthenium found grown in the bare areas, railway platforms and in agriculture lands. Aqueous extracts of parthenium hysterophorus leaf and flower seriously inhibited seed germination and seedling growth root and shoot length of lettuce. In some areas it has become an extremely serious agricultural and rangeland weed. Allelopathic effects of parthenium hysterophorus extracts. This erect, ephemeral herb known for its vigorous growth and high fecundity especially in warmer climates is a native of northeast mexico and is endemic in america.
Evans international institute of biological control, silwood park, ascot, berks. Asteraceae, a weed, also known as congress grass is an annual herb. Apfisn is a cooperative alliance of the 33 member countries in the asiapacific forestry. Identification, impacts, and control of ragweed parthenium parthenium hysterophorus l. Heliantheae, is an erect and much branched annual or ephermeral herb, known. Parthenium hysterophorus is a muchbranched, shortlived, upright, aggressive ubiquitous annual herbaceous plant.
Heliantheae, is an erect and much branched annual or ephermeral herb, known for its notorious role as environmental, medical, and agricultural hazards. Invasion and distribution of parthenium hysterophorus weed. It is believed to have been introduced into india and australia from north america and in the last few years the weed has emerged as the seventh most. This is also known by several region specific common names such as altamisa, carrot grass, santa maria. Fresh leaves of parthenium hysterophorus were collected from different locations of district rawalpindi, punjab, pakistan and thoroughly washed under running tap water. This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. As it matures, the plant develops many branches in its top half and may eventually reach a height of 2 m. Invasion and distribution of parthenium hysterophorus weed in. Higher expression of stressresponsive proteome contributes for greater defence against abiotic stresses. Parthenium hysterophorus is a plant that tolerates drought and salinity to an extremely high degree. Biology and control of ragweed parthenium in non cropland. Vermicompost of the toxic and allelopathic weed parthenium parthenium hysterophorus was explored for its possible use as an organic fertilizer.
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